美国浪漫主义文学的发展 2016年10月12日托福考试真题及参考答案解析

​ is one of the most in . It from the end of the 18th to the Civil War. to Tong Ming, it a time span of 50 years, from 1815 to 1865. This sees a of and a of great such as , , , , , Poe, , , and . This is thus the“ ”美国文艺复兴.

After its in 1789, the young made a quick and .

西进运动:

In 1803, 托马斯·杰斐逊 the of 路易斯安那州from the for $15 . This the size of the .In 1853, the the . The vast, land to move to the West.

of 工业发展：

Steam were used and were built, which new .

人口增长:The from 4 in 1790 to 30 in 1860.

and 民主与平等： , and the idea of the new after its and the two party was .

the of , , and 追求简约、实用与完美:

, their own -- the of , , and . The level of and had risen . The young was in every way. This Vigor on the mood for a new 这种充满活力的乐观情绪需要一种新的文学形式来抒发. This mood and from led to the rise of in 美国浪漫文学应运而生.

with

the same with .

on and over 强调情感和直觉，并非理性

on over 强调个人而非社会

the of 崇尚自然

the in the and 喜好非凡奇异的事物

on the and of 注重想象力与情感的抒发▫️ and

on 强调简约

▫️ that be free from all rules and he used to the and the .

of

No how much was by . It has its own which are as .

独特的题材：

They wrote about the new and its , the new , the early ‘lives早期移民生活, the of the new and the of“ into the west”西进运动.

▫️ 华盛顿·欧文wrote the of the Dutch in the 书写荷兰移民在哈德逊山谷中的传奇故事；

▫️布莱恩特 the wild of the wild west where no human being has ever set foot on 描写荒无人烟的西部大草原上生长的野花；

▫️朗费罗not only the lives of the and the in his works such as 描写边境人民和印第安人的生活，比如《海华沙之歌》记录了印第安人民, but also the and of the early 同时也讴歌了早期美国人民的乐观坚韧的精神； ▫️'s Natty 库珀笔下的主人公蒂娜·班波 the path of the of the new land and one step the 在新大陆的原始森林中孤独前行美国浪漫主义文学的发展美国浪漫主义文学的发展美国浪漫主义文学的发展，始终与“先进”文明保持一定的距离.

the of the as a 崭新的美国:

works tried to the as a new man, a which was from the . The of 's ideas of . The they were the who live in the new of Eden. This of the to the new of the and its .

▫️For , In ’s of Grass惠特曼《草叶集》, the was as a baby who is and more .

moral 清教道德价值观:

​The great over moral . It left a deep on life and 's way of . Its on was . A good was that the were more to than the 与同期的欧洲作家相比美国浪漫主义文学的发展 2016年10月12日托福考试真题及参考答案解析美国浪漫主义文学的发展 2016年10月12日托福考试真题及参考答案解析，美国浪漫主义作家在作品中更喜欢进行道德说教.

▫️For , 朗费罗 “still , still , learn to labor and to wait”. ’s never to of the sins and evils in their heart.

美国超验主义：

sm..通过直觉直接获取知识.-大自然是高贵的，人类是神圣而自立的.

▫️Its such as Ralph Waldo 爱默生, Henry David 梭罗and so on, whose had great on .

The of

The will be in five .

The of The 美国边疆作家which 华盛顿·欧文and James 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏.

The New poets新英格兰诗人which 威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特, Henry 亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗and John 约翰·格林里夫·惠蒂埃.

The 超验主义作家Ralph Waldo 拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生and Henry David 亨利·戴维·梭罗.

The poets实验派诗人Walt 沃尔特·惠特曼and Emily 艾米莉·狄金森.

The Dark 黑暗浪漫主义作家Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡, 纳撒尼尔·霍桑and 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔.

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笔记整理 | 周周

笔记来源｜美国文学导读

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华盛顿·欧文